Mountain of Mandāra was fixed as a pivot beneath it to hold it up. So Vishnu gave his Sudarsana (discus) to be used as a wheel, and the Materials might be given to him for making the pots. Then Kulālaka stood before the assembly with folded hands, and prayed that Kulālaka, a Brāhman, was ordered to make them. Then a question arose as to who should furnish the vessels required for the ceremony, and one Of Hemvanta, the Devas and Asuras 2 assembled at Kailās (Heaven). Themselves have a legend of the usual Brāhmanical type: “In the Kritayuga, when Maheshwar (Siva) intended to marry the daughter This varies from a moderately respectable to a very humble one according to the different accounts of his lineage. The formation of castes by the old Brāhman writers, and also the position given to the Kumhār at the time when they wrote. No importance can of course be attached to such statements as the above from the point of view of actual fact, but they are interesting as showing the view taken of ” Sir Monier Williams again, in his Sanskrit Dictionary, describes them as the offspring of a Kshatriya woman by a Brāhman.

Purāna says that the Kumbhakār or maker of water-jars ( kumbka), is born of a Vaishya woman by a Brāhman father the Parāsara Samhita makes the father a Mālākār (gardener) and the motherĪ Chamār while the Parāsara Padhati holds that the ancestor of the caste was begotten of a Tili woman by a Pattikār or weaver Risley writes, 1 “there seems to be a wide difference of opinion among the recognised authorities on the subject. The traditional parentage of the caste,” Sir H. Scriptures consequently give various accounts of its origin from mixed marriages between the four classical castes. Is of course an ancient one, vessels of earthenware having probably been in use at a very early period, and the old Hindu Northern and eastern or Hindustāni-speaking Districts, where earthen vessels have a greater vogue than in the south. The Kumhārs numbered nearly 120,000 persons in the Central Provinces in 1911 and were most numerous in the Kumhār, Kumbhār.-The caste of potters, the name being derived from the Sanskrit kumbh, a water-pot. Gujarati girls doing figures with strings and sticks 402 Hindu men showing the choti or scalp-lock 272 Coolie women with babies slung at the side 256 Statue of Marātha leader, Bīmbāji Bhonsla, in armour 200 Bride and bridegroom with marriage crowns 166 Coloured Plate: Examples of spangles worn by women on the forehead 106 Throwing stilts into the water at the Pola festival 46 Figures of animals made for Pola festival 40 Yerūkala ( Criminal thieving caste) 606.Vidur ( Village accountant, clerk and writer) 596.

Thug ( Criminal community of murderers by strangulation) 558.

Sanaurhia ( Criminal thieving caste) 483.

Rautia ( Forest tribe and cultivators, formerly soldiers) 479.

Rāmosi ( Village watchmen and labourers, formerly thieves) 472.

Patwa ( Maker of silk braid and thread) 385.

Panwār Rājpūt ( Landowner and cultivator) 330.

Panka ( Labourer and village watchman) 324.

Nunia ( Salt-refiner digger and navvy) 294.

Mīna or Deswāli ( Non-Aryan tribe, cultivator) 235.Marātha ( Soldier, cultivator and service) 198.Māng ( Labourer and village musician) 184.Māli ( Gardener and vegetable-grower) 159.The articles which are considered to be of most general interest are shown in capitals Contents of Volume IV Articles on Castes and Tribes of the Central Provinces in Alphabetical Order

13th hour haunted hatchets